Analysis Of Religious Cults Essays - Cults, Pejoratives,

Analysis of Religious Cults There are many types of cults in the world, cults are everywhere but you just do not see them. Every person in the world has been in contact with them in one way or another in many cases you cannot see them. The closest cult we know of is on Rice Lake called the Moonies led by Reverend Myung, where I have currently visited. Cults can be involved in churches and even are earliest religions are called cults. Cults are not the strongest groups' sects are the strongest group. When you join a sect you cannot get out of them but a cult you can leave without having any problem or commitment. Sects will not let you out because many times it's illegal and they are afraid that you will say something to the public. Cults sometimes are illegal to. Religious cults are in every town and village there is no definition of a cult that is accepted by sociologists and psychologist or religion many types of activities will take cult like structures, an example would be any popular trend like physical exercise this is called the physical fitness cult. Famous athletes are a big figure when it comes to cults, many times Movie stars, professional athletes will endorse a product and a trend will start, making it turn into a cult. Also people who generate beliefs of something like flying saucer, aliens or any unknown figures can be cult. In religion when people call a church they are referring to a sacred organization having a highly structured or formalized dogma and hierarchy, but also allowing a bit of flexibility about membership requirements allowing you to go to a church and leave church when you want to. Although sects are against church attempts to accommodate to secular society. Sects believe that they are protecting a true faith or belief. Sects tend to stay away from world events , and also they believe in a strong strict behavioral code and demand a commitment out of their people. The differences between cults and sects are sometimes the same. Many scholars do not make distinctions between the two. Cults are different because they do not expect as much commitment. Many times' cults do not expect couples to become apart. Cults do not last as long as sects. Many times' cults survive through a decade, and also cults allow you to come and go as you want. Leaders of cults build around a charismatic leader who has a lifestyle dedicated to a specific spirituality group that they know other people will follow. The word Mormonism began as a small cult then grew bigger until it became a sect and eventually into a church. All the new religions followed the same thing by beginning small and getting bigger than becoming a church. Cults go back as far as we know of life, cults began to get bigger and be known throughout the world in the late 1960's and early 70's as people were better educated and better understood how they were formed and how they were run and people began to join. During this time Youths and middle class people began to join cults because of the in thing to do and they felt more secure about themselves. Cults really started to fascinate people when Jimmy Jones cult began in November of 1978 when all attention was focused on the mass suicide in Jonestown, a similar event happened in 1993 when federal agents engaged in a shoot out with cult leader David Koresh. Modern cults have many different practices and many different ways of leadership. Some cults have a flexible functional leadership, like the groups in the charismatic movement coming from the mainland Christian religion, other cults have people who run and orchestrate cult events, like Reverend Myung Moon leader of the unification church. The reason people are attracted to modern cults because it puts emphasis on community and on direct experience with the divine. In cults' participants often find a level of social support and acceptance that they do not find in a nuclear family. This makes and generates a sense of belonging to something profound and a feel of being

Sociology and Psychology

Sociology and Psychology Abstract Certified statistics are considered to be the critical source of information and knowledge about crimes and the criminal justice system but little information is served regarding the institutions that provide the statistics. Kevin Haggerty threw some light on the process that is involved in the collecting and collating data on crime activities. This was done was examining the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS), which is the statistical branch of Canada that is responsible for the production of data on the Criminal Justice System.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book Making Crime Count provides an in-depth analysis on how data on illegal activities have facilitated the characteristic advance to the management of justice in the country. It is taking the form of actuarial justice where crime is considered to be a statistical probability an d not a moral failing. Similarly, statistics make the criminal justice to be amenable, particularly to the criminal justice that is served with the purpose of managing the justice system itself. By utilizing the modern sociological work as a toll frame, Haggerty examined various ways by which CCJS produces its statistics. Emphasis is placed on the scientific factors and the complex networks that are aligned to the assorted elements and institutions through negotiations between the police, employees and the CCJS in order to obtain a comprehensive crime report survey. Haggerty concluded that there is a need to study governance to comprehend the politics and the process of knowledge production of the crime data. Introduction Some time back, the CCJS began a process of data collection whereby information was collected regarding the state of a criminal as at the time of committing the crime: it was to be recorded whether or not the victim was under the influence of any drugs. Although th e collection of this data was not collected for long, there was enough confidence that the consumption of drugs or alcohol was a factor in crime and that the data was instrumental in the understanding of crime and in the formulation of a constructive public policy. The collection of this data was stopped following strong opposition form the department of police, which expressed two main reservations namely: that the officers could not believe or reliably ascertain the consumption and also the police could not wish to provide the accused with a potential clue for legal defense emanating from the crime. The overriding theme in the Haggerty’s book was â€Å"truth as a major social accomplishment† and it specifically captured what was believed concerning crime in Canada. Haggerty captured all the social influences that shaped crime statistics and how they could be utilized in formulation of public policy, for social research and for the creation of ameliorative programs to mitigate crimes. Haggerty was more concerned with the profound aspect than the mere validity of the statistics about crime; he wanted the readers to realize the implications of constructivists approach to the validity and the truth of the crime statistics of the crime and how they were governed.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Main arguments of the book Making crime count is a well researched case study of the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics which is an arm of statistics Canada that is responsible for the production of data regarding particular aspects of the criminal justice system. Much of the literature dwelt on governance. According to Haggerty (2001), the availability and the development of statistics facilitated the distinctive techniques and rationalities of governance that are able to utilize actuarial techniques to manage individuals and the systems. A mong the claims that were postulated by Haggerty (2001) was that the institutions were penetrated by the politics of truth. It was argued that the statistics that were provided by the CCJS were the closest official facts and the CCJS, in their statistics relied on the categorization of people, processes, events, standardizations and the political negotiations. The book was not therefore concerned bout the statistics but more on the social processes that are involved in the construction, legitimization and production of crime statistics (Haggerty, 2001). Haggerty (2001) based his arguments by studying the Canadian centre for Justice and Statistics (CCJS) which is a federal agency and a statistical arm of Canada. To ascertain his facts, he adopted anthropological method whereby he took up residence for half a year, and he carried out talks with the staff of CCJS and other stakeholders that transacted business with the agency, he managed to read the documents of the agency took part in informal discussions and conversations and observed great deals. He, for example, accounted for the interplay of beliefs and the special social forces that eventuated in the aboriginals being the main class that is differentiated in the CCJS centers and what effect it had for the Canadian public and the beliefs it had for itself and crime in Canada. The study and analysis by Haggerty (2001) elicited the interest of the students undertaking studies in various social organizations since it described how the CCJS is well structured to perform its functions. The organization works in close collaboration with other members to assist in the collection of data. In order to function effectively, the CCJS staff has to perform technological, educational, semi-personal and political roles. Haggerty (2001) explained how the CCJS staff engaged the security officers in order to collect information required. Haggerty’s assertions have cast doubt into contention of the students on the capab ility of the media that the media is submissive. Haggerty (2001) proposed that the media was more important and independent of CCJS, and he asserted that the media exerted a lot of influence over the agency. The book is a constructionism exercise; his exemplifying of how information about offense is reflected in the media is a perfect show of the constructionist principle that genuineness is a form of communal achievements that is in by Haggerty. What is not clear in the Haggerty’s work is the extent of achievement of reality as an act of finding. Haggerty held that the crime statistics of Canada is a reflection of the real incidence and that the natures of the criminal acts vary based on certain statistic, and it can be considered to be truth of truths. He pointed out that crime by itself was a social construction and that criminal behavior by itself was a critical determinant of the statistical truths that were produced by the CCJS.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Haggerty, however, forewarned that people ought to be cautious of the soundness of the gathered information on crime, and they should be much apprehensive about fact creation by the nation agencies that govern the people. He portrayed CCJS as an agency that only strived to realize the truth with much rationality. The closed and the inaccessibility of prisons make it difficult for institutions to be controlled and regulated particularly if the public considered the prisoners as undeserving. The book focused on the issues of privatization or prisons, poverty criminalization, racial discrimination, impact of drugs and war on women and the impact of get-tough approach on women of black color. It has been argued that private organizations that engaged in punishing for profit were very hard to monitor. Further arguments have proposed that the media, though instrumental in r eforming and in ensuring transparency and accountability in prison, were vulnerable to all forms of misrepresentation and favoring the official versions of events. Women, for example, who were released from the prisons, carried a lot of burdens and faced many challenges in their day to day communal life; this was not addressed by the literature on women prisoners since a lot of focus was placed on the women in their prison days and not women after prison. Conclusion There is a presumption that the rhetoric of statistics can be thwarted by the truth that can be actualized by the rational use of criminal justice statistics. The previous trend should provide a trend and give a pause as to whether the scale might be shifting. There is still a role for the agencies like the CCJS, and it will provide the data resources that facilitate the rational policy of development. Official crime statistics provide a deeper understanding into crimes and the functioning of the criminal justice system, and since sociologists have not delved into the institutions that produce the statistics, making crimes count has served to address the problem through the study of the CCJS which is Canada’s main source of criminal justice statistics. Haggerty employed methodological functions of participative observation and documentary analysis. The accessibility of information on crime has enabled a characteristic move toward the learning and the control of crime. Statistics are often used to map out patterns in behavior and other characters. Such patterns can be studied and significant decisions made. Collection of statistics therefore should be carried out with utmost significance. Statistics are used to make significant decisions and therefore collection of wrong statistics will lead to wrong decision being made. It is of great significance therefore that statistics collection is carried out in a manner that will ensure that only the relevant and unbiased information is collected. Thi s will guarantee correct and relevant decision being made. References Haggerty, K. D. (2001). Making crime count. Toronto, Canada: Buffalo.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Awareness of Censorship Moment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Awareness of Censorship Moment - Essay Example It is as if they are treating the people as horses by putting blinders so that they can only look one way. They think that by doing this they are exposing the people to just the positive views on the state or government, when in fact, they are inciting anger within the community because they are taking away the people’s freedom to decide for themselves what they want to believe in and support. This is what I think censorship means, although I was still very young when the government was still applying censorship tactics on television. I grew up with unrestricting parents and so I was able to watch whatever I wanted, provided of course, that there was no nudity or portrayals of sex. And so, I did not really experience what it was like to encounter censored materials. However, I experienced censorship firsthand just a few years back. In the summer of 2006, like any other teenager, I was always on the internet—just surfing and downloading games and songs. Nicholas Cage is one of my favorite actors and the movie he did then that was to be released in the next couple of months was â€Å"World Trade Center,† which depicted what happened during the September 11 Terrorist attacks and how the last men that were pulled out alive from the rubble of the building survived. Of course, I know about September 11 and how it caused a negative view on Islam. Nevertheless, I still tried to research further so that I will be able to better understand what happened because I was just 12 years old on that tragic day. So, I entered ‘September 11 attacks’ on Google and it gave me thousands of hits. I was able to surf and open websites until it came to a particular one about Islam and how extreme its followers’ views are. When I clicked on the link to open the page, preparing myself to be shocked at how our religion was being portrayed just because some extremists decided to go on a suicide mission and kill

The Importance of Strategy Process and Strategy Context in Determining Research Paper

The Importance of Strategy Process and Strategy Context in Determining Strategy Content - Research Paper Example As the paper outlines, strategy context deals with impact of macro environment in strategy formulation. Researchers have pointed out that the strategy process is complemented with three variables such as strategy formation, strategic thinking, and strategic change. They have argued that three variables of strategic process work in an overlapping manner instead of working in an individual manner. Academic scholars such as Bob De Wit and Ron Meyer have stated that strategic content can be viewed as the end product of the strategy process. Strategic content is complemented with four levels of strategy such as Functional Level, Corporate Level, Business Level, and Network Level. Bob De Wit and Ron Meyer have pointed out that strategy context can be classified as the external circumstances directing the implementation and outcome of strategy process. They have differentiated external environment into three segments such as organizational context, industry context and international context . Various research scholars have tried to create a link between triplets of the strategy process, strategy context, and strategy but unfortunately, the majority of them ended with an abstract model without much coherence with industry requirement. In 1986, Miller and Friesen have argued that strategy content is directly proportional to strategy context and strategic initiatives are more successful for electronic goods industry, manufacturing industries and paint industry in comparison to another industry environment (Miller and Friesen, 1986, pp. 37-55). In 1983, Hambrick argued that Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies have little significance for small level firms while four levels of strategy such as Functional Level, Corporate Level, Business Level, and Network Level have importance for only firms having sufficient resources (Hambrick, 1983, pp. 213- 230). In 1989, Bryman has argued that strategy content works in accordance with organizational resources. For example, P orter’s generic strategy would not be applicable to organizations suffering from resource crisis (read human capital, financial, marketing and IT) (Bryman, 1989, p. 169). Various research scholars have agreed that the validity of three steps such strategy process, strategic content and strategic context is unquestionable. In 2005, Torgovicky’s has tested the validity of strategy content in e-business and concluded that synchronization of strategic content and strategy process can help a firm to achieve a competitive edge over other competitors (Eldring, 2009, p. 10-15).

Synaesthesia and the Encounter with Other Assignment

Synaesthesia and the Encounter with Other - Assignment Example   What Abram is trying to say in this passage is how humans can speak to innate objects such as trees and rocks. To most people, this just sounds insane and it clearly shows how humans have become alienated with nature. In ancient time, our ancestors used to communicate with nature and this kept them in touch with their inner self. However, due to the advent of alphabets and farming conversations with other species or nature has become outdated. This dependence to nature is evident on all the continents of the world by the varied forms of identification but is usually referred to as totemism. Abram further argues his point by saying, â€Å"the articulate speech of trees or mountains† is due to human engagement with nature via the synaesthetic convergence of two forms of senses, mainly hearing and seeing. The reason why the argument is important to him is that imaginary distortion such as conversations with trees is the very structure of perception. This is because the imagin ative interaction of human senses during their everyday encounters is the only way for them to link ourselves with nature and hence letting nature weave into our experiences. This means that all the inert objects that surround us in life are both powerful and expressive entities. I agree with his point of view since imagination and emotion are an important part of human understanding. This is because that which humans perceive through their senses will invoke further understanding through emotion and imagination.   

Features Of Controlling Function Business Essay

Features Of Controlling Function Business Essay Management is a a universal phenomenon which mean a concept understood by everyone. Management enables to use the available resources efficiently it is purposive activity which have a purpose or a reason behind each and every function . In an effective management goals are pre-determined ,which means the goals which should be achieved by the organization is finalized earlier by the top level management Management is important for a business for the following reasons: To maintain the internal environment of the company. To get the work done effectively and efficiently Basic administration things which are equal to each employee. Eg :check in/check out time, application for leave. Equity equal treatment in the management . should be treated equally regardless of gender, religion etc. Espirit de corps enjoy the working environment. Nature of management is a serial process which means interaction with the staffs or colleagues Every day we have to interact or speak with the people we work with.natureof management enables to provide information from one person another, vertically or horizontally . Vertical communication takes place when information is transferred from top level management to the lover level staffs or from the lower level staffs to the top level management Horizontal communication takes places when an information is transferred with in the same level employees. For an example if a supervisor transfers an information to another supervisor, then it is known as horizontal communication. This also known as decisional activity .it involves continuous decision making to handle the issue and the problem arised in the company. In order to implement action decision needs to be taken first. This also known as interpersonal activity. Management contain of for function they are: Planning Organizing Leading and directing Controlling Planning The flowing is the process of the planning. Classifying the problem identifying the main task to be done. Establishment of objective. Establishment of planning premises, these are the assumptions made to solve the problem. Choice of alternative, if a plan fails can switch to the alternative plan. Formulation of derivative plans, no need of changing the whole only some parts could be adjusted. Arranging timing and sequence of the operations. Secures Co-Operation: Secures Relationship between the works and top level managements. Follow -Up/appraisal of plan_ This means Others are allowed give feedback regarding the plan. Planning enable stable running of the company and future development and success of the company (prosperity). This also enables innovation Creativity of new Ideas and can achieve better co-ordination from the employees. Organizing : Organizing means putting the right things in the right place and right person in the right place to get the work done properly. Organizing is the first step of implementation. Its because we are physically grouping and dividing the work force. Function of organizing: Act as a frame work within which people can work together effectively. There are actually three areas if objectives or aims. First is the Organizational objective Planning emphasized in the whole thing. Departmental objective- Different departments will have different objectives. Individual objectives each and every employee will have his/her own objective of completing the task given. Finally all the objectives facilitated by the different departments enable to gain the organizational objectives. Organization is important for a company for the following rescores. Allows optimum we of rescores- Using the maximum rescores which is actually needed, Without wasting the resource or using it less Clarifies authority to perform managerial functions. Managerial function means decision making and giving orders and instruction to the sub ordinates and scalar chain refer to the way people are arranged in an organization. Facilitates growth and diversification of business easily. It enables to know how much of the resources would be needed. Leading and directing This refers to giving instructions and guidelines to achieve a pre determined goal. Leading and directing is an important managerial function. Leading and directing helps the organization in the following ways. Building an effective working climate. Creating opportunity for motivation. Supervising to make sure employees are behaving well. Scheduling, tasks given to each employee are finished on a given time. Disciplining, code of conduct/formal relationship Directing is said to be the heart of management process. directing is important to make sure that planes are working. Some characteristics of directing are as follows Pervasive function Required of all level of organization Every manager provides guidelines and inspiration to his sub ordinates however, there should be someone to direct even the supervisors just like the subordinates Continuous activity Direction is a continuous activity as it continues through out the life of the organization Directing is needed till you achieve the goal. Creative activity Directing helps to convert plane in to performance planes(written words ) are implemented (Physically) this means words are converted into physical action during the process of directing . without this function people become inactive and resources are meaningless Controlling Checking current performance and standard performance -goals are met and performance are satisfactory. Controlling is a continuous process which enables to find out how the employees perform. This is also used to make sure the top level management is also doing their job properly . Establishment of standards Measurement of performance The working environment of the work place should be good Communicating with the higher level management Extend of deviation Taking corrective actions Features of Controlling Function Following are the characteristics of controlling function of management- Controlling is an end function-   A function which comes once the performances are made in conformities with plans. Controlling is a pervasive function-   which means it is performed by managers at all levels and in all type of concerns. Controlling is forward looking because effective control is not possible without past being controlled. Controlling always look to future so that follow-up can be made whenever required. Controlling is a dynamic process   since controlling requires taking reviewal methods, changes have to be made wherever possible. Controlling is related with planning   Planning and Controlling are two inseperable functions of management. Without planning, controlling is a controlling succeeds planning. Q4) Planning process Contains of the following points: Classifying the problem- identifying and defining the problem Establishment of objectives- what do you want to achieve/creating aims Establishment of planning premises- assumptions/plans could be changed. Choice of alternative course of action- change into an alternative plan. Formulation of derivation plan- no need of changing the whole plan, only some parts of the plan could be changed. Arranging timing and sequence of operations Securing cooperations- securing the relationships between the workers and top level management. Follow up / Appraisal of plan- allow others to give feedback. Stability-stable running of the company. (controlled by the management). Prosperity-future development and success. Innovation and creativity- new ideas Better co ordination Ensures commitment-giving your 100% Acts as an aid to business system. Q5) management is getting things done by organizing things. Warren Bannis said Managers do things right, leader do the right things. Peter Ducker said , Management is doing thing right, leadership is doing the right things. Management- making the most efficient use of human, physical and financial resources to achieve given objectives, involving and planning, monitoring, coordinating and reviewing activities. Ian Smith, MD, Oracle Management is a science which can be taught while leadership cannot and leadership is more vital in modern business. Role of management Setting objectives and planning Organizing resources to achieve objectives Communicating to and motivating staff Coordinating activities Measuring and controlling performance Leadership influencing others to achieving desired aims and objectives; leaders set the agenda that managers follow. Leadership depends on three things viz. individual, follower,condition. Leadership decides on the direction of the company as per objectives and inspiring the staff to achieve them. Leadership is an important quality of a successful manager. Employees want good leaders and will respond positively to their direction. Some people believe that leaders are born while others believe that leadership can be developed through training. Good leaders shall have the following characteristics Natural confidence and desire to succeed Ability to think creatively and encourage others to do so. Talented in multiple disciplines and handle such discussions Skill to identify the key issue and isolate other issues Q6) According to Herzberg, in order o increase employee satisfaction level, there are two important factors which needs to be present. They are motivation factors and hygiene factors Hygiene factors Factors that needs to be present as an initial motivator for employees to achieve objectives. Motivation factor Factors that can be implemented or used to increase employee motivation level. these are the factors that can be practiced by the organization. Motivation individuals Facilitates goal achievement Gets job satisfaction Self-development; always want to prove yourself Creates a dynamic team Motivation business creates empowered teams to; whatever the work is, employees are willing to complete the task. Input given by each employee is increased With high motivation high challenges better performance level.

Dilemmas in Assessment of Student Writing :: English Writing Teacher Student

Being a new teacher of English, I find the assessment of compositions to be a concept I question and struggle with on a regular basis. Having consulted several colleagues, mentors, administrators, and fellow graduate students, I have come to the conclusion that there is no easy answer to this tedious yet ever important question. While there are many inlets and outlets to this dilemma, for the sake of time I will touch on only three. While all three are very different in terms of concepts, rituals, and conducts, they all come together to one common goal - helping students express themselves in terms of writing. Subjectivity While assessment can give students, parents, and administrators a view of where a student stands in terms of achievement, one must always remember that the grade is subjective. There is no right or wrong answer in English, as there is in math or other quantitative areas of study. The basis of â€Å"a grade† depends upon a student’s ability to choose a course of thought and convey it accurately and convincingly in written form. The subjectivity falls in how the teacher interprets or responds to the ideas and supporting information. For example, during my first venture as a student teacher, I was given the task of grading â€Å"free choice† essays. The students were given free range of the subject matter, and were told to write an insightful and poignant essay on the topic of their choice. After grading the papers, my mentor sat with me and we discussed some of the grades I had given for several of the students’ papers. Upon glancing briefly at the comments I had made and the grades I had given, my mentor began asking direct questions as to why I would grade certain papers one way, but would assign a different grade to others that were quite similar. As she went on to read through other papers, she would agree with some of my grades, but strongly disagree with others. I found this interesting because, while we were both reading the same essays, we were focusing on different points or concepts, which shaded our perception of the piece as a whole. In retrospect, I believe that afternoon spent rereading essays with my mentor was one of the best teaching practices that I have come across. Once in a while, teachers needed to refocus their grading instincts by, in effect, orally defending their stance on grading policies.